Page 153 - Calculating Agriculture Cover 20191124 STUDENT - A

CH 14] Calculating Agriculture 14-3

FEEDSTUFFS. Feedstuffs that go into making a feed ration can be identified as:

1. Dry Forages
2. Pasture, range plants, and feeds cut and fed fresh
3. Silages
• Hay crop silage
• Small grain silage
• Corn and sorghum silage
4. Energy concentrates
• Cereal grains
• Residues from the sugar and citrus industries
• Fats and oils
5. Protein supplements
• Plant protein sources
• Animal protein sources
• Nonprotein nitrogen sources
6. Mineral supplements
7. Vitamin supplements
8. Additives

The objective to feeding animals is to meet their daily nutritional requirements based on their
age, weight, sex and use. The nutritional requirements for a lactating dairy cow are different than
when she is gestating. The nutritional requirements for animals (beef, sheep or swine) in the pasture
are different than feeding for weight gain in controlled enclosures. This is equally true for poultry
being raised for meat gain or an egg laying enterprise. Horses being fed for the racetrack have a
different protein and energy requirement than mares and stallions for breeding.
There are two types of feedstuffs: (1) Roughages and (2) Concentrates. Roughages consist
commonly as hay, pasture and silages. Concentrate feeds are those which are high in energy and
protein, and low in fiber (less than 18%). Concentrates are typically thought of as grain seeds, but
they can also include animal by-products such as fish, meat and bone scraps, or tankage. 14
A simple way to differentiate between a roughage and a concentrate is to consider the amount of
protein in a feedstuff compared to the amount of fiber in the same feedstuff. For example, Alfalfa
Hay, all analyses, contains 15.3% protein and 28.6% fiber. The fiber content is higher than its protein
content, and is defined as a roughage. In contrast a concentrate such as Corn, dent, Grade No. 1
contains 8.9% protein with a fiber content of 2%. The protein content for Corn is higher than its fiber
content, meeting the structure of a concentrate. Refer to Figure 14.2.

Figure 14.2 Roughages vs. Concentrates

Total Average total composition
Total Dig. Dig. Nutri-
Feeding stuff dry pro- nutria- tive Pro- N-free Mineral
Matter tein ents ratio tein Fat Fiber extract matter

Dry Roughages Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. 1: Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct.

Alfalfa Hay, all analyses . 90.5 10.9 50.7 3.7 15.3 1.9 28.6 36.7 8.0
Corn, dent, Grade No. 1 .. 87.0 6.9 81.9 10.9 8.9 4.0 2.0 70.8 1.3

These and other feedstuffs are listed in Table 14-1 at the end of this chapter.

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