Page 39 - CalcBus_Flipbook

CH 4] Calculating Business 4-3

1.25 % 30 % 9
80 ) 100 % x 30 and 100%) 900%
900 %

The arithmetic relationship of % to any number is that of multiplication just as these
variable numbers, MN, have a relationship of multiplication:

500% = 500 x % = 500%

MN = M x N = MN
>: the greater-
As 100 percent equals a whole amount expressed as a percentage (100%). 100% of than sign is a
anything is all of it. If it is 165% then its (165% — 100% =) 65% more than all. If it is 85%
then it is (100% — 85% =) 15% less than all. mathematical
We have to think of that whole (all of it) as having a value of 1 (100%/100% = 1). Any symbol that
value greater than 1 will be greater than 100% , the whole, and any value less than 1 will be denotes an
less than 100%, the whole. inequality between
Thus 125% being greater than (>) 100%, as such it is greater than (>) 1; 125 % ÷ two values. As five
100 % =1.25, with the % becoming 1; and as discussed, 1 times any number is the
number. is greater than 2;
5 > 2.
Any value divided by itself equals 1.
Example A:

125 % 125 x % 125 % 125 125
——— = ———— = —— x — = —— x 1 = —— =1.25 > 1
100 % 100 x % 100 % 100 100

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Any value multiplied by 1 equals that value.
Similarly, 95% is less than 100% which as a value is less than (<) 1;

Any value divided by itself equals 1. < : The less-than
Example B: sign is a
mathematical
95 % 95 x % 95 % 95 95 symbol that
——— = ———— = —— x — = —— x 1 = —— = 0.95 < 1 denotes an
100 % 100 x % 100 % 100 100
inequality between
two values. As
Any value multiplied by 1 equals that value. seven is less than
95 % ÷ 100 % = 0.95, and again the % becoming 1, and as discussed 1 times any number nine; 7 < 9.
is the number.

PERCENT EQUIVALENTS

For problems that contain percents, the percents are changed to their decimal
equivalent values prior to the computation. This procedure places the decimal point
properly. Keep in mind that when dealing with percents you are dealing with values that
are either greater than (>) or less than (<) 1, the whole number. The percent sign represents
hundredths, the relationship of the percent symbol (%) is one of multiplication, and that
when dividing by a percent the number will either remain a percent or become a decimal
number if both numbers are percents.

Changing a Percent to a Decimal Fraction

The percent sign represents hundredths. To state a number without the percent
symbol requires the division of 100% and this converts a percent to a decimal fraction, with
the decimal point in the proper location:

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Example A: Change (a) 4 %, (b) 9 / 5 %, and (c) 60 % to decimal fractions.

Solution: (a) 4 % = 0.04 Any value divided by itself equals 1.

4 % 4 x % 4 % 4 4
——— = ———— = —— x — = —— x 1 = —— = 0.04
100 % 100 x % 100 % 100 100

Any value multiplied by 1 equals that value.
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