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CH 6] Calculating Business 6-1

CHAPTER 6 NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Solutions

to Homework are in that section.

Avg. time for Students to read &
complete homework: 2.25 hrs.

Equations and Formulas

Objectives

After mastering the material in this chapter, you will be able to:

 Identify and use formulas to solve problems.
 Devise equations from word problems.
 Solve for an unknown in an equation.
 Express relationships using variables.
 Differentiate between variables and constants.
 Combine similar terms and maintain the equality of an equation.
 Solve word problems that contain variables and constants

In business numerous problems are presented that require solutions. These problems, as expressed in
our language and words, denote arithmetic operations. In an arithmetic discussion, when the word and is
used such as how much is 5 and 6, it is understood that addition is indicated. The arithmetic symbol “+”
is used to express addition. The word increase is also used to indicate ADDITION, such as “increase the
quantity by 5”; the addition of 5 is suggested. 6
The words decrease, less, minus, each indicate when values are to be decreased; the arithmetic,
SUBTRACTION, is indicated. The symbol for subtractions, “−”, is used. For every 1,000 pounds of beef
eviscerated there is approximately 550# retained. What is the decrease in weight with evisceration?
Algorithm: a
1,000 pounds – 550# = 450# decrease.
process or set of
To indicate the relationship of MULTIPLICATION for values the words of, and times are used, and rules to be
arithmetically written as “x”. An example, the protein content of oats is 13% of its weight. If the amount followed in
of oats in the bin is 1,500 pounds how many pounds of protein are in the weight? calculations or
1,500 x 13% = 1,500 pounds x 0.13 = 195# other problem-
solving operations,
Measurements are often made to determine the effectiveness of a breeding program, returns on especially by a
investment, harvest rates, and efficiency. These measurements often equate to ratios, proportions, computer.
fractional elements and are calculated using DIVISION. The words used include: of, by, ratio,
proportion, or proportional. The arithmetic symbol for division include: “ ÷ ”,“ / ”, or “ : ”.
A logical denotation word in our language, equal, denotes that one thing possess the same measure,
quantity, amount, or number as another value to something else; and is used in equations, formulas and
algorithms as a logical denotation: equivalent. The symbol to denote EQUALITY is “=” and is called the
equal sign.
The language and symbol “=” is used in an equation or formula and algorithm to create statements
that result in arithmetic solutions to questions requiring numerical answers.
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