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1-6 Numbers and Fundamental Arithmetic CH 1]

Trillions Billions Millions Thousands units

hundred trillions ten trillions trillion hundred billions ten billions billions hundred millions ten millions millions hundred thousands ten thousands thousands hundreds

A. 2 8 tens 5 ones
B. 4 3 5, 7 2 1
C. 2 6, 7 3 2, 1 2 3
D. 1 0 5, 6 7 4, 1 0 5, 0 3 0
E. 1 4 7, 0 7 6, 0 1 5, 2 3 7, 0 2 0

Table 1.1 Decimal Place-Value Names

in the billions of dollars. The national debt of the United States is in the tens of trillions of
dollars. Thus, as the use of large numbers has becoming increasingly common, the people must
be able to understand them and the impact on their lives.
To facilitate reading a number, commas are inserted starting with the decimal point and
Whole number: a
number without grouping by three digits to the left. These groups of three digits are known as periods. For
fractions; an example, 798,560,324 has three periods with three digits in each period. Study the decimal
integer. Whole place-value names of each period in Table 1.1.
numbers are
positive numbers, The numerals in Table 1.1 are read as follows:
including zero, A. Two hundred eight-five.
without any
decimal or B. Four hundred thirty-five thousand, seven hundred twenty-one.
fractional parts.
Examples: 1, 10, C. Twenty-six million, seven hundred thirty-two thousand, one hundred twenty-three.
20, 100
D. One hundred five billion, six hundred seventy-four million, one-hundred five thousand,
Integer number: thirty.
An integer
(pronounced IN- E. One hundred forty-seven trillion, seventy-six billion, fifteen million, two hundred thirty-
tuh-jer) is a whole seven thousand, twenty.
number (not a
fractional number) Notice in the preceding examples that the hyphen (-) is used for compound numbers, such as
that can be thirty-five. The hyphen is used when the numbers twenty-one through ninety-nine are
positive, negative, expressed in compound words.
or zero. Examples
-20, -5, 0, 5, 10 Rounding Numbers
Numbers are rounded because either an exact number does not need to be used, for ease of

A non integer is a presentation, or the exact number desired cannot be determined. Consider when a tax rate is
number ( that may 9.75% on a $98 purchase then the purchaser should tender ($100 x 1.0975=) $107.555 exactly,
be a fractional but will be asked to pay $107.56, as the 0.555 cents is round up to 0.56 cents for the sale. You
th
number) that can were introduced to rounding in the 5 grade, generally dealing with small whole numbers and
be positive, integers. Introducing rounding generally begins with rounding to the nearest tens value as in
negative, or zero. 103 down to say 100. The basic rounding rule is for numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cause the last
Examples of
numbers that are number to be rounded down. Thus 103 is rounded down to 100.
not integers are: - Whereas, if the number is 108, then rounding up to the nearest tens value; the rounding
1.43, 1 ¾, 3.14, rule looks at 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and round up so that 108 is rounded up to 110.
0.09, and 5,643.1. If the number is a decimal number, which is a non integer number, the rounding rules still
Note that the apply as stated. The concern is will you be rounding to ones value, tens value, hundreds value,
examples include all of which are to the left of the decimal or are you rounding to the tenths value, hundredths
fractional numbers value or thousandths value, where these values are to the right of the decimal.
and decimal
numbers. Assume the number to be rounded, a non integer, is 105.42 and is to be rounded to the
nearest tenth. You will consider the .42 in the number and specifically the 2 which will affect the

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